It borders the federal states of Bavaria, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt. Saxony also borders Poland and the Czech Republic. This neighbourhood also has a strong influence on language, culture and food. The capital of Saxony is Dresden.

The landscape of the Free State is very diverse. It offers mountains such as the Ore Mountains and the Elbe Sandstone Mountains as well as green flatlands such as Lusatia and large forests. The river Elbe flows through the middle of Saxony to the north-west. There are also several lakes in the heart of Saxony. The beauty of the landscape is protected by various nature parks. The climate in Saxony is temperate and pleasant, but the winters are colder than in the rest of Germany due to its eastern proximity.